The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh visual gait score for children with cerebral palsy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Edinburgh visual gait score (EVGS-CN) for children with cerebral palsy.Methods:The EVGS-CN was established following international guidelines for translation and cross-cultural validation of health status questionnaires. Videos of 30 children with cerebral palsy were assessed independently by six raters (with different levels of experience in gait analysis) using the EVGS-CN. Inter- and intra- observer reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The correlation analysis and group comparison were used to test the technique′s criteria-related validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity.Results:The ICC values of the 17 items in the EVGS-CN ranged from 0.20 to 0.87 for inter-observer reliability, and from 0.41 to 0.90 for intra-observer reliability. Most items showed good inter- and intra-observer reliability among experienced raters, but only a moderate level when used by inexperienced raters. The EVGS-CN results were strongly correlated with those of physician rating scale (PRS) ( r=0.77, P≤0.001) and observational gait scale (OGS) ( r=-0.85, P≤0.001), moderately correlated with the total gross motor function measure-D/E (GMFM-D/E) score ( r=-0.55, P≤0.01), and strongly correlated with 10MWT times ( r=-0.69, P≤0.001) and timed up and go (TUG) times ( r=0.60, P≤0.001). Moreover, significant differences in average EVGS score were found between different gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels and between affected limbs on different sides. Conclusion:The EVGS-CN demonstrates satisfactory reliability and validity in evaluating children with cerebral palsy when it is used by an experienced or inexperienced rater.

Interpretation of the Evidence-based Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Non-specific Back Pain in Children and Adolescents by the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine in 2022 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

In February 2022, the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine published the first Evidence-based Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Non-specific Back Pain in Children and Adolescents, which provides clinical evidence and recommendations for the etiology, risk factors and diagnosis of back pain in children and adolescents, and the treatment and prevention suggestions on the non-specific back pain.Although the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of non-specific low back pain have been launched in China, a specific description of back pain in children and adolescents is lacking.With regard to increasing incidence of low back pain in children and adolescents, and differences in term of the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of back pain between children-adolescents and adults, this article aims to interpret the guidelines to provide references and guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of back pain in children and adolescents.

Interventions to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy: interpretation by Chinese experts / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

This review aims to interpret the interventions to improve physical function for children and young people with cerebral palsy, thus providing relevant suggestions.Relevant literatures published before November 2018 were systematically searched in Cochrane library, CINAHL, and Embase MEDLINE using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method.Consult with international experts and patients to assess evidence and recommend it.Based on 3 systematic reviews, 30 randomized clinical trials, and 5 pre-and post-treatment studies, a total of 13 recommendations were given.The guidelines recommend that, in order to achieve functional stan-dards, intervention measures should include, patient-selected goals, full-task practice in real-life settings, support for family empowerment, and a team approach.The age, ability, and child/family preferences were all needed to be considered.In order to improve walking ability, ground walking and treadmill training can be carried out.Various methods can promote the realization of hand use goals hand use, including the two-hand exercise training, constraint-induced moverment therapy, goal-oriented training and cognitive therapy.In terms of patient self-care, the guideline proposed that, the combination of full-task practice and auxiliary equipment can improve the independence of self-care and reduce the burden of care givers.Leisure goals could be achieved by the combination of the practice of the entire task with strategies to address environmental, personal, and social barriers.The intervention of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy should take into consideration of patient selection and the goal of full-task practice.The child/family preference, age and ability should be considered when clinical workers selecting specific interventions.

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province in 2010-2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City. Methods Data were collected from National Foodborne Diseases Surveillance Network during 2010-2019, and a descriptive analysis of the data was carried out. Results A total of 82 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported from 2010 to 2019, involving 2 060 cases and 40 deaths. In 2016, there were 12 (accounting for 14.63%) foodborne disease outbreaks. Foodborne disease outbreaks displayed seasonal pattern, and mainly occurred from July to October. Families were the main places of foodborne disease outbreaks, accounting for 63.41%. Poisonous mushroom was the main food for outbreaks, which caused 39 outbreaks of foodborne diseases (accounting for 47.56%）. Twenty-six people died from eating wild mushroom, accounting for 65.00% of the total deaths. Drinking and eating by mistake were the main cause of the disease, leading to 47 cases (57.31%). Conclusions Summer and Autumn are the high-risk seasons for foodborne disease outbreaks in Zhaotong City. Eating and drinking by mistake are the main cause of the disease, and eating poisonous mushroom is the predominant reason. It is necessary to strengthen food safety education, to improve food safety awareness, and to strengthen the supervision of food safety in collective canteens and issue early warning intervention in time in the season of high incidence of foodborne diseases.

Interpretation of effectiveness of paediatric occupational therapy in children with disabilities: a systematic review(2019) / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Occupational therapy can not only promote the development of motor and cognitive functions in children with developmental or other disabilities, but also improve their self-care ability, learning ability, participation skills and other activities.In 2019, the Aust Occup Ther J published a systematic review on the effects of occupational therapy interventions on disabled children, aiming to summarize the best evidence of occupational therapy and help occupational therapists and families to choose the effective treatment regimens.In this article, the systematic review was interpreted in light of the current status of domestic child occupational therapy, so as to allow clinicians to compare the pros and cons of different treatment methods and improve the efficacy.

Research progress of Worster-Drought syndrome / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS) is a special and rare type of cerebral palsy, which is characte-rized by pseudobulbar palsy, selective weakness of the muscles of the lips, tongue, and soft palate, dysarthria, dysphagia, salivation, and jaw spasm.The onset of WDS is linked with a variety of prenatal, intrapartum and postnatal factors.The report of family cases of WDS suggested the genetic predisposition.Although there is no cure at present, early genetic counseling, early diagnosis and intervention can reduce the morbidity of offspring and improve the symptoms of children with WDS, which will greatly reduce the burden on the family and society in the future.In the present study, this paper aims to explore the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, imaging examination, diagnosis, disease spectrum and current treatment of WDS, thus improving the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy.

Interpretation on physical therapy management of children with developmental coordination disorder: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association in 2020 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a childhood-onset condition that primarily affects physical co-ordination.In China, DCD is not well recognized and is under-treated.Knowledge of the evaluation and intervention of DCD among physiotherapists (PT) is limited.In 2020, the Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association published the Physical Therapy Management of Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline.From the perspective of PT, this review aims to make a comprehensive interpretation of the recommendations in the guideline regarding the physical examination and evaluation, physiotherapy planning and implementation, and family education of children at risk or diagnosed with DCD.This article aims to make DCD get more attention from domestic PT through the interpretation of the latest guidelines, and strengthen the knowledge of physiotherapy assessment and management in children with DCD to guide the clinical practice.

Interpretation to international clinical practice recommendations of developmental coordination disorder by the European Academy of Childhood Disability in 2019 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a developmental disorder that mainly affects children′s motor coordination.The prevalence of DCD in childhood is very high, and it seriously affects the physical and mental health of school-age children.In China, this disease has not yet been fully recognized and understood.There is a lack of standardized and unified diagnostic criteria, and the standardization of relevant clinical assessment tools and the establishment of normative models are insufficient.In addition, the clinical practice and experience of most health professionals in dealing with DCD appear to be limited.Based on international clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of DCD issued by the European Academy of Childhood Disability in 2019, the recommendations related to the diagnosis, evaluation and intervention of DCD in the guidelines were compiled and interpreted in the light of the current clinical practice and research in China.The objective of this study is to bring DCD to the attention of more domestic medical experts through the interpretation of this international guideline and to provide preliminary guidance on the clinical diagnosis, assessment, and intervention of DCD.

Clinical application of Hammersmith infant neurological examination / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The Hammersmith infant neurological examination (HINE) is a simple, scoreable, standardized clinical neurological examination for infants between 2 months and 24 months of age.It only requires 5 to 10 minutes to complete without the necessity of using specific professional equipment.The HINE can assist in the early detection, diagnosis and prognosis of infants at risk of developing cerebral palsy, being widely used in the early follow-up protocol of high-risk infants.

Clinical application of Hammersmith infant neurological examination / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The Hammersmith infant neurological examination (HINE) is a simple,scoreable,standardized clinical neurological examination for infants between 2 months and 24 months of age.It only requires 5 to 10 minutes to complete without the necessity of using specific professional equipment.The HINE can assist in the early detection,diagnosis and prognosis of infants at risk of developing cerebral palsy,being widely used in the early follow-up protocol of high-risk infants.

Effects of MnSOD silence on in vitro tumorigenicity in NCI-H446 cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the effect of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) silence on the in vitro tumorigenicity in human small cell lung cancer NCI-H446 cells and the underlying mechanisms.
 Methods: Sphere formation cells from NCI-H446 cells were obtained by suspension culture, while the expression of MnSOD and urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPAR) was analyzed by Western blot. Silence of MnSOD was performed by adenovirus infection in the second passage formation cells, and the effect of MnSOD silence on tumorigenicity in NCI-H446 cells was evaluated by sphere formation assay and soft-agar colony formation assay, while the expression of uPAR was analyzed by Western blot.
 Results: Compared with NCI-H446 cells, the sphere formation rate, colony formation rate, and the expression of MnSOD and uPAR were significantly increased in the second passage sphere formation cells in NCI-H446 cells (P<0.05). Silence of MnSOD inhibited the sphere formation rate, colony formation rate, and the expression level of uPAR in the second passage sphere formation cells in NCI-H446 cells.
 Conclusion: MnSOD may promote tumorigenicity in NCI-H446 cells by up-regulation of uPAR expression in vitro.

Advance of Motor Function Measurements Applied in Neuromuscular Diseases (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Neuromuscular disease (NMD) is a group of hereditary or acquired myopathy typically manifested as motor dysfunction. There is still no consensus in the standardized tools for evaluation of motor function. Among the tools widely used, Motor Function Measure can be used in all kinds of NMD, while North Star Ambulatory Assessment and Performance of the Upper Limb can be for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders and Upper Limb Module for spinal muscular atrophy.

Effects of apigenin on self-renewal and uPAR expression in NCI-H446 cell line / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the effect of apigenin on self-renewal for sphere-forming cells in human small cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H446 and the underlying mechanisms.
 Methods: Sphere-forming cells from NCI-H446 cell line were cultured in stem cell-conditioned culture medium with ultra-low attachment surface plates. The rate of sphere-forming cells in the second passage sphere-forming cells was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of apigenin on the self-renewal for sphere-forming cells. The protein level of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in spheroids was analyzed by Western blot.
 Results: Apigenin signifcantly inhibited the self-renewal of the second passage sphere-forming cells [0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 μmol/L apigenin: (18.2±1.9)%, (13.6±1.7)%, (10.6±1.6)%, (6.9±1.3)%, respectively] and down-regulated uPAR expression in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: Apigenin inhibits the self-renewal capacity of sphere-forming cells in NCI-H446 cells, which may be associated with down-regulation of uPAR expression.

Inhibition of PKD2 mediated apoptosis induced by 5, 7-dihydrox-8-nitrochrysin in U937 cell line / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate whether 5, 7-dihydrox-8-nitrochrysin (NOC) induces apoptosis in U937 monocytic leukae-mia cells is involved in the regulation of the activity of PKD 2.Methods U937 cell line cells were cultured in vitro .Apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining.DNA ladder bands were observed by DNA agarose gel electro-phoresis.The phosphorylated protein expression of PKD 2 was analyzed using Western blot .Results NOC (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0μmol/L) increased apoptosis rate in U937 cells in a concentration-dependent manner ( P <0.05).After treatment with NOC (5.0 and 10.0μmol/L) for 24 h, U937 cells presented typical DNA ladder bands .At the same time, not only did NOC effectively down-regulate the ex-pression of PDK2 phosphorylated protein , but also increased apoptosis rate in U 937 cells in the presence of G?6976, a specific inhibitor of PKD2.Conclusions The effect that NOC induces apoptosis in U 937 cells is related to the inhibition of the activity of PKD 2.

8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin reverses EMT of the sphere-forming cells derived from cervical cancer SiHa cell line / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin ( BrMC ) can reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) in sphere-forming cells (SFCs) derived from cervical cancer SiHa cell line. Methods Human cervical cancer SiHa cell line was cultured in vitro and then SFCs were obtained from Si-Ha cell line using suspension culture with the stem-condition culture system. After treatment with BrMC for 72 h, the morphology of SFCs of SiHa cell line was observed via monolayer adherence culture. The expres-sion levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Twist1 pro-teins were analyzed using western blot assay. Results SFCs of SiHa cell line presented the mesenchyme-like( spindle-shaped) cell shape and exhibited reduced E-cadherin and elevated N-cadherin protein expres-sion, compared with the parental cells. After treatment with BrMC(1. 0 μmol·L-1 ) for 72 h, SFCs of SiHa cell line changed from spindle-shaped cells in to poly-gon shaped cells under monolayer adherence culture. After treatment with BrMC for 24 h, the expression lev-els of E-cadherin protein were up-regulated and the ex-pression levels of N-cadherin and Twist1 proteins were decreased in SFCs derived from SiHa cell line. Con-clusion BrMC effectively reverses EMT of SFCs de-rived from cervical cancer SiHa cell line, and its mechanism is involved in down-regulating the expres-sion of Twist protein.

The selection of surgical technique of coblation on the treatment of type Ⅱ obstructive sleep hypopnea apnea syndrome / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of Han-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (H-UPPP) combined with coblation on treatment of type Ⅱ mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods According to the measuring parameters analyzed and clinical characteristics of velopharyngeal,68 patients were divided into 3 groups:group A (28 patients,treated by H-UPPP combined with coblation of tonsillectomy),group B (22 patients,treated by H-UPPP combined with drilling of tonsil) and group C (18 patients,treated by velopharyngeal multi-points drilling).After operation for 6 months,the pafor tients in 3 groups were detected by the polysomnography (PSG),Epworth sleepiness scale,and the parameters of velopharyngeal were compared.Results After operation for 6 months,the heal,excellence,efficiency and inefficiency patients in group A were 6,10,7,5 cases,in group B were 3,8,7,4 cases,in group C were 2,7,5,4 cases,there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05).After operation for 6 months,the apnea hyponea index (AHI) and the scores of ESS in group A,B,C were significantly lower than those before operation [(10.1 ± 2.3) times/h vs.(21.2 ± 2.5) times/h,(6.4 ± 1.0)scores vs.(16.2 ± 1.0) scores,(6.9 ± 1.3) times/h vs.(16.0 ± 1.4) times/h,(5.4 ± 1.3) scores vs.(14.5 ±1.5) scores,(7.7 ± 1.8) times/h vs.(16.0 ± 2.1) times/h,(4.1 ± 1.0) scores vs.(12.3 ± 1.9) scores],thelevel of LSaO2 was significantly higher (0.885 ±0.035 vs.0.737 ±0.030,0.871 ±0.046 vs.0.763 ±0.033,0.901 ±0.029 vs.0.820 ±0.034),there was significant difference (P ＜0.01),but there was no significant difference among 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).After operation for 6 months,the pharyngomaxillary space,distance between uvula and posterior wall of pharynx,distance between anterior pillars in group A,B,C were significantly increased compared with those before operation [(24.6 ± 0.9) mm vs.(12.3 ± 1.2)mm,(11.6 ±1.2) mm vs.(5.4 ± 0.6) mm,(34.9 ± 1.2) mm vs.(28.3 ± 1.0) mm,(24.0 ± 0.8) mm vs.(14.3 ± 1.0) mm,(11.8 ± 0.8) mm vs.(6.3 ± 0.4) mm,(38.3 ± 0.8) mm vs.(31.9 ± 1.9) mm,(23.6 ± 1.4) mm vs.(19.9 ±1.1) mm,(7.3 ± 0.5) mm vs.(6.8 ± 0.6) mm,(38.5 ± 0.8) mm vs.(35.2 ± 1.0) mm],the length of soft palate was decreased [(31.9±0.9) mm vs.(38.3 ±0.9) mm,(25.6 ± 1.0) mm vs.(35.6 ± 1.2) mm,(29.9 ± 1.3) mm vs.(34.9 ±0.9) mtm],there was significant difference (P ＜0.01),but there was no significant difference among 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions H-UPPP combined with coblation on treatment of type Ⅱ mild and moderate OSAHS is effective and safe.According to the clinical characteristics of the patients to select suitable method is the key to get a satisfactory curative effect.

Application of Trihexyphenidyl in Dystonia in Children with Cerebral Palsy (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Dystonia is common in children with cerebral palsy. It can cause motor dysfunction, and is frequently associated with altered speech articulation, abnormal swallowing, and excessive drooling. Although trihexyphenidyl (Artane) is an anticholinergic agent with a long history of use in the management of dystonia in adults, information is limited regarding the use of trihexyphenidyl in children. This study reviewed the clinical experience of the use of trihexyphenidyl in children with cerebral palsy for dystonia, with special emphasis on benefits and tolerability.

Correlation of neuron specific enolase and long-term changes in the development of nervous system disorders / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the pefinatal infant brain damage in the blcod of neuron specific enolase and long-term changes in the development of nervous system disordem related to the neonatal brain injury prognosis timely predictions for the early intervention and provide a theoretical basis.Methods 40 cases of periatal brain injury in newborns were selected for the study.20 patients over the same period of normal newborns assigned to the control groups.both groups in the 72 hours after birth within the collected blood samples submitted preservation of the neuronspecific enolase enzyme,and rely follow-up of the two groups,so as to cover Gesell development scale statistical analysis of neuron specific enolase and perinatal brain damage in children with long-term development of nervous system disorder relevant.Results Brain injury group blood neurompeeifie enolase concentrations were higher:15-month-old brain-injury group scale evaluation of sale to group health suspicious after three clays of Mood neuronspecific enolase concentrations significantly higher to the development of the normal group.Conclusion Neuronspecific enolase may change as early diagnosis of perinatal brain injury,as well aft the main indicators of the long-term prognosis.

The Effect of overexpressed Daxx in Liver Tumor Cells on The apoptosis Induced by Oxidative Stress / 生物化学与生物物理进展

In order to study the effects and the possible mechanisms of Daxx overexpressed in HepG2 to hydrogen peroxide treatment, and to search new targets for cancer chemotherapy, HepG2cells were transfected using lipofectamine 2000, and selected by treatment with G418. Stable cell lines were confirmed by reverse transeriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting vector gene. Experiments include the following groups: (1) control group (non-transfected cells); (2) transfected with empty vector (HepG2/GFP cells); and (3) transfected with pEGFP-C1-Daxx (HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells). After incubation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h, cellular viability was analyzed by MTT, and cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometric analysis. Gene expression at protein level was detected by Western blot. The RT-PCR results showed that Daxx RNA in cells transfected with pEGFP-C1-Daxx was increased significantly compared with that in the HepG2/GFP cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that Daxx protein was localized in the nuclei. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and observed that the hydrogen peroxide decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in concentration-dependent pattern. The IC50 values in three groups (Normal cells, HepG2/GFP cells and HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells) were 0.72, 0.76, and 0.49 mmol/L respectively. The apoptotic ratio was significantly higher in HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells as compared to the other two groups. HepG2/GFP-Daxx cell incubated with hydrogen peroxide, showed a significant increase in the activation of caspase-3 and JNK as compare with the other groups. Over-expression of Daxx facilitated HepG2 cells apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, there may be a synergetic relation with apoptosis and increase of JNK activity.

Experimental Study Inhibition Proliferation and Mechanism of Rosiglitazone on HL-60 Cell / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of rosiglitazone on human leukemia cell line HL-60 in vitro.Methods Inhibition of HL-60 cell proliferation was shown by MTT array;cell cycle and apoptosis of human leukemia cell line HL-60 was detected by flowcytometry(FCM);expression of PPAR?,p21WAF1,Bax and bcl-2 was examined by SP immnocytochemical and western blotting.Results Rosiglitazone significantly inhibited proliferation of HL-60 cell and the inhibition effects had a dose-and time-dependence.The inhibition fraction of HL-60 cell to 100?mol/L rosiglitazone for 48h was 77%.Flow cytometry analysis revealed that proliferation of HL-60 cell treated with 10~100?mol/L rosiglitazone significantly inhibited.50~100?mol/L Rosiglitazone cold induce apoptosis of HL-60 cell.SP immnocytochemical found the nuclear translocation on PPAR?,and western blotting revealed that the Bax expression was increased,while the bcl-2 and NF-?B expression was decreased.The expression of PPAR?,Bax,bcl-2 and NF-?B had no change by GW9662,a specific inhibitor of PPAR?.Conclusion Rosiglitazone could induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells which may be involved in the activation of PPAR? and down-regulation of Bax and up-regulation of Bcl-2 and NF-?B protein.